The nature of the refrigerant is directly related to the refrigeration effect of the refrigerating equipment, and even personal safety. As refrigerating men, we should understand what the commonly used refrigerants are and how to operate and manage them.
The aliases of R22 refrigerant are monochlorodifluoromethane, Freon 22, F-22, refrigerant HCFC-22. Freon R22 is one of the most widely used R22 refrigerant brands in China.
R22 refrigerants are used in reciprocating compressors, household air conditioners, central air conditioners, mobile air conditioners, heat pump water heaters, dehumidifiers, refrigerated dryers, cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration, commercial refrigeration, refrigeration & condensation equipment, supermarket display cabinets and so on. R22 is also widely used as a raw material for PTFE resin and an intermediate for gas fire extinguishing agent R1211, as well as a polymer (plastic) physical foaming agent. It is the basic raw material for the production of various fluorine-containing polymer compounds. R22 can also be used as an aerosol spray for insecticides and spray paints. It is the basic raw material for the production of various fluorine-containing polymer compounds.
2. R23 Refrigerant
R23 refrigerant is ultra-low temperature refrigerant trifluoromethane. The aliases of it are HFC23, HFC-23, F23 and F-23.
As a widely used ultra-low temperature refrigerant, R23 is mainly used in cryogenic equipment such as environmental test chambers/equipment (cold heat impact tester), freeze dryer/freeze dryer, ultra-low temperature refrigerator or freezer, blood bank refrigerator, biochemical test chamber (Including scientific research refrigeration, medical refrigeration) and so on. It is more common used in the low temperature level of these cascade refrigeration systems. Trifluoromethane can also be used as a gas fire extinguishing agent, which has the characteristics of cleanness, low toxicity and good fire extinguishing effect.
3. R32 Refrigerant
R32, also called HFC-32, difluoromethane, the molecular formula of it: CH2F2, is a new environmentally friendly refrigerant, does not contain chlorine and thus has no destructive effect on ozone, but is flammable and explosive. It is one of the substitutes of R22 refrigerants and R410a refrigerants.
R134a is the most widely used medium and low temperature refrigerant. Due to its good comprehensive properties, R134a is a very effective and safe alternative to R12. It is mainly used in most fields of R12 refrigerant.
These fields is including: refrigerators, freezers, water dispensers, car air conditioners, central air conditioners, dehumidifiers, cold storage, commercial refrigeration, ice water machines, ice cream machines, refrigeration condensing units and other refrigeration equipment, but also for aerosol propellants, medical gases An aerosol, an insecticide propellant, a polymer (plastic) physical foaming agent, and a magnesium alloy shielding gas. R134a can be widely used as a refrigerant in automotive air conditioners, refrigerators, central air conditioners, commercial refrigeration, etc., and also can be used in medicine, pesticide, cosmetics, and cleaning industries.
5. R290 Refrigerant
The full name of R290 refrigerant is called refrigeration grade propane, and the chemical formula is C3H8. R290 is a hydrocarbon refrigerant; it has no damage to the ozone layer and has a very little greenhouse effect. It is one of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants.
It is mainly used to replace R22 and R502 refrigerants in cryogenic refrigeration equipment; since R290 refrigerant is flammable and explosive, it is usually only used in cryogenic refrigeration equipment with less liquid filling, or as a group of low temperature mixed refrigerant. R290 is compatible with conventional lubricants. High-purity grade R290 is used as temperature-sensitive working fluid; superior grade and primary grade R290 can be used as refrigerant to replace R22, R502, compatible with the original system and lubricating oil, for central air conditioning, heat pump air conditioning, household air conditioning and other small refrigeration equipment .
6. R600a Refrigerant
R600a is an excellent hydrocarbon refrigerant from natural ingredients that does not damage the ozone layer and has no greenhouse effect. It is characterized by large latent heat of evaporation, strong cooling capacity, good flow performance, low conveying pressure, low power consumption, and slow recovery of load temperature. It is compatible with a wide range of compressor lubricants. (Note: When the R600a is insufficient in the refrigeration system, the pressure value is too large, the machine sound is abnormal, and the compressor life is shortened). R600a is a colorless gas at normal temperature and a colorless transparent liquid under its own pressure. It is a substitute for R12.
R600a refrigerant has huge latent heat of evaporation, strong cooling capacity, good flow performance, low conveying pressure, low power consumption, and slow recovery of load temperature. R600a refrigerant is compatible with a wide range of compressor lubricants. It is mainly used as ultra-low temperature refrigerant, and the refrigeration system composed of R22 is used for ultra-low temperature refrigeration equipment of -80 to -120 °C. It is also used as a foaming agent for foams, as a refrigerant to replace R12.
7. R433b Refrigerant
The R433b refrigerant is a hydrocarbon refrigerant, and its thermal performance is similar to that of R22. It can replace directly R22 without changing the original refrigeration system. R433b has huger latent heat of evaporation than other refrigerants, faster cooling rate per unit time, small molecular weight, good flow performance, low delivery pressure. It can reduces compressor load, extends compressor life, reduces power consumption, and costs less on system Operating.
R433B composition, molar percentage: propane is accounted for 94.9918%, propylene is accounted for 5.082%.
8. R436a Refrigerant
R436A is a hydrocarbon refrigerant that does not damage the ozone layer and has no greenhouse effect. The thermal performance of this refrigerant is similar to that of R134a. The molar percentage of R436A composition: R290 accounted for 62.6528%, R600a accounted for 37.3472%.
The composition of R404a refrigerant: R125, R134A, R143A. As a medium and low temperature refrigerant widely used today, R404A is often used in cold storage, food refrigeration equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial low temperature refrigeration, commercial low temperature refrigeration, transportation refrigeration equipment (refrigerated vehicles, etc.), refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets. Refrigeration equipment. R404A is the most popular industry standard refrigerant (usually a cryogenic refrigeration system) for replacing Freon R22 and R502 on new refrigeration equipment.
10. R407c Refrigerant
R407c is an environmentally-friendly medium-high temperature refrigerant blended with R32, R125 and R134a in a certain ratio. It is used in various air conditioning systems and non-centrifugal refrigeration systems. Mainly used in household air conditioners, small and medium commercial air conditioners (small and medium unit air conditioners, household central air conditioners, multiple connections), mobile air conditioners (automobile air conditioners, etc.), dehumidifiers, refrigerated dryers, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration and other refrigerant equipments.
R407c is the easiest option to replace Freon R22 on newly installed refrigeration equipment (usually an air conditioning system); however, since R407C and R22 are different in physical and chemical properties, theoretical cycle performance, and compressor oil, R22 refrigerant is used for initial installation. After-sales maintenance of the refrigeration equipment, if you need to add or replace the refrigerant, you can only add R22, usually can not directly replace R22 with R407c.
R410a is a new type of environmentally friendly refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer. The working pressure is 1.6 times that of R22. The refrigeration efficiency is high and the air conditioning performance is improved. R410a new refrigerant consists of 50% of each of the quasi-azeotropic mixtures R32 and R125. It is stable, non-toxic and superior in performance.
As a medium-to-high temperature refrigerant widely used today, R410a is mainly used in household air conditioners, small and medium-sized commercial air conditioners (small and medium-sized unit air conditioners, household central air conditioners, multiple connections), mobile air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and freeze dryers. Refrigeration equipment such as marine refrigeration equipment and industrial refrigeration. R410A is the best and final choice for replacing Freon R22 on new refrigeration equipment; since R410a and R22 are different in pressure (R410a pressure is much higher than R22) and compressor oil is different, so for the initial installation of R22 refrigerant After-sales maintenance of the refrigeration equipment, if you need to add or replace the refrigerant, you can only add R22, usually can not directly replace R22 with R410A (can not be replaced by blood exchange).
Compared with the R22, the cooling capacity of R410a is significantly improved, thus making it possible to design smaller and more compact air conditioning equipment. And because R410a has near-azeotropic physical properties, the refrigerant temperature slips less than 0.2 °C over the entire operating range.
12. R502 Refrigerant
R502 is a low-temperature refrigerant with excellent refrigeration performance and high refrigeration performance. The main use of R502 Refrigerant: It can be used as food display, food storage, refrigeration, ice cream, refrigerator, low temperature refrigerator and refrigerant for heating compressor.
It is a mixture of R125 refrigerant and R143 refrigerant, which is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer. Mostly used in medium/low temperature commercial refrigeration systems. It is a long-term substitute for R-502 refrigerant (HFC-based substances) with zero ODP and does not contain any ozone-depleting substances. Because R304 refrigerant has very close cooling capacity and efficiency with R502, and has excellent heat transfer performance and low toxicity, R507 is more suitable for medium and low temperature freezing applications than any other R-502 replacement.
13. R507 Refrigerant
Like the R404a, R507 is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that replaces the R502, but R507 typically achieves a lower temperature than the R404a. Molar percentage of R507 refrigerant: R125 is accounted for 41.184%, and R143a is accounted for 58.816%.
R507 is suitable for medium and low temperature commercial refrigeration equipment (supermarket freezer, cold storage, display cabinet, transportation), ice making equipment, transportation refrigeration equipment, marine refrigeration equipment or newer equipment, suitable for all R502 environment . Mainly used as ultra-low temperature refrigerant, and the refrigeration system composed of F22 is used for ultra-low temperature refrigeration equipment of -80 ~ -120 °C. Also used as a foaming agent for foams, as a refrigerant to replace R12.
14. R717 Refrigerant
R717 (ammonia) refrigerant, ammonia is a medium temperature refrigerant, the chemical formula is NH3, the boiling point temperature is -33.4 ° C, the freezing point is -77.7 ° C, the critical temperature is 133 ° C, and the critical pressure is 11.417 MPa. Pure ammonia has no adverse effect on the lubricating oil, but when there is moisture, it will reduce the lubricating effect of the frozen oil. In the ammonia refrigeration system, copper and copper alloy are not used for the pipeline and the valve parts.
The R717 (ammonia) synthesis process is mature, easy to prepare, low in price, does not destroy the ozone layer, and has no greenhouse effect. The pressure of the ammonia refrigerant in the condenser and the evaporator is moderate (the condensation pressure is generally 0.981 MPa, the evaporation pressure is generally 0.098-0.49 MPa); the refrigeration capacity per unit volume is larger than that of R22; the latent heat of vaporization is large, and the refrigeration and heat release coefficient are high. . Ammonia refrigerants are widely used in large cold storage and supermarket food display cabinets.
The vapor of ammonia is colorless and has a strong irritating odor. Ammonia is highly toxic to humans and can cause frostbite when it splashes onto the skin. When the volume of ammonia vapor in the air reaches 0.5-0.6%, it can cause an explosion. Therefore, the concentration of ammonia in the air in the equipment room must not exceed 0.02mg/L. Ammonia is not easy to burn at normal temperature, but when heated to 350 ° C, it is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen. When hydrogen is mixed with oxygen in the air, it will explode.
H.Stars Group has been committed to the overall solution of industrial cooling systems for 28 years, insisting on creating maximum value for customers, accumulating rich experience and technology, and constantly innovating, striving to design safe, energy-saving and intelligent system solutions.
Email: maychow@hstars.com.cn
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